Showing posts with label Unit 3 - Romans. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Unit 3 - Romans. Show all posts

Saturday, 3 April 2010

Project 3 - Studies of Roman figure sculpture

For project 3 I needed to make studies of several free standing Roman figure sculptures (including copies of classical Greek statues).  I've not done any life drawing so have no experience of drawing figures to compare this to.  I didn't have easy access to any actual Roman sculptures so used images from the course book to copy.  I chose the statues to copy as they were interesting to me or stood out in some way.

The first sculptures I chose to copy were Doryphorous and Augustus.  I chose these as am interested in the idea of using classical Greek idealistic bodies with portrait heads.  Augustus has the body of Doryphorous but not only has a portrait head but also Roman clothes added and changes made to the position of the arm.

I started with a sketch of Doryphorous and it didn't go very well as you can see! The top half is much much bigger than the bottom - I should have not worried about the end of the paper.  I decided to look at the figure a lot more closely and actually took a ruler to it to measure the head and other key points.  For the next sketch I drew myself some rough guide marks before starting and this helped get the proportions right.  Sketching this made me think about how skillful the artists who created these statues were - very strange to think that the Roman artists making copies were thought of as simple manual workers as they were clearly extremely talented.
My second attempt at Doryphorous - much happier with the proportions on this in relation to the image of it.  Looks a little top heavy - not sure if this is due to my not v good drawing skills or the idealised form with a developed chest and upper body taking prominence.  


This next sketch shows Augustus from the early 1st C AD.The sculpture is modeled on the previous sketch of Doryphorous but with some changes.  Augustus is shown with his right hand raised and pointing (in a speaking pose - A World of History of Art).  This gives the figure a more authoritative look and is used to show that Augustus is a leader of men.  The carving on the draped cloth is stylised rather than naturalistic - it seems to be both elegant and dramatic with the drapery over the left hand and falling down at the side which aids the balance of the piece.  The carving on the body armour is thought to show symbolic scenes from the story of the Roman victory over the Parthians (A World History of Art -p 196) The whole image is very different to the previous one on which it is based - this seems to obviously be a powerful leader.  I'm not sure if he looks powerful because of the pose or because he looks like Roman Emporer statues I have seen prviously. I am not sure on the significance of the addition of the small cherub - it could have been used as a method for hiding the support but am sure there is a better reason than this.

My next choice was Discobolus - chosen as I think it is an easily recognisable piece and I like the fact that the posture is different from a lot of other pieces (mostly upright poses).  I chose to use charcoal for this and to work quickly.  This helped me see how the shapes are connected e.g one long curve down from the top of the arm holding the discus to the bottom of the other arm.  Having just had a go at copying this pose I don't think it is very natural!  It is unlikely that an actual discus thrower would be in this position - the pose has been chosen to show off the grace and athleticism of the body. 

The final images were chosen more because I wanted to have a go at drawing them and as they stood out to me as I was looking through the images.  They include a sleeping Eros, a portrait bust and Samothrace.  They helped me to think more about the skills of the sculptures and the variance of subject matter shown in Roman art. 

Tuesday, 30 March 2010

Unit 3 - DVD - Imperial Stone-The Art of Rome. Reading - Chapter 5 - Hellenistic and Roman Art

Summary of my notes on the DVD and reading...

Roman Empire was huge - encompasing lots of Europe, Aisia and North Africa.  Prior to all this conquering Romans 'condemed luxury and conspicous expense' (p179) - Soldiers brought back goodies leading to love of these elaborate items etc.  Pliny the Eldser says "more harm done to the Romans that the defeated Hellensitic kingdoms as they learned to love oppulance" (p179)

Romans passed on the visual arts of Greece to the Western world.  Rise of portraiture, painting styles, changes to architecture.  But copied loads in the visual arts so has been suggested didn't really have their own style

Architecture
Innovations of Roman architecture changed way buildings could be made.  Although both concrete and arch and vault sytem had been used before was extended and perfected.  New type of sand used in the concrete meant it dried more slowly and set more firmly - brill!

Went from post and lintel system which was limited to space of the weight that could be borne ON TO vast arches and domes with huge interior spaces never seen before.

The Colleseum - functional ampithetre.  'rhythmic horizontal and vertical repitition' (p191.  Columns follow ascending sequence doric-ionic-corinthiun for purely asthetic reasons. 

The Pantheon - temple and later Christian church.  Making amazing use of arch and vaults.  Biggest dome for 18 centuries! 

Classical temple porch leading to rotunda. 

Sculpture
Most Roman sculpture copies or adaptations of Greek sculptures.
Some copies pretty shoddy - wrong materials, scale etc
Portait heads rather than idealised - put portrait heads on stock bodies.  Had bodies modelled on Greek ideal in diff sizes and materials with slots for portrait heads to be added!
Statue of Augustus - used body of Doryphous (anonymous Greek athlete) stuck on Augustus head, changed position of arm and put on a Roman costume!
Commemorative columns - a Roman invention - column with statue at top e.g. Nelson's column

Painting
Mostly as decorations in homes.  Lots of Trompe l'oeil found in Pompeii. 
Earliest still lifes.  Move on to landscapes and learnt how to use perspective.
By 79AD all genres of paintings being done and brought
  • history
  • figure
  • portraits
  • landscape
  • still life
Also different styles used from "hard lineraty with flat areas of colour" to "impressionistic rendering of form with rapid flicks of the brush" P184

Portraits
Prob biggest development from Greek - the use of realistic portraiture.  'warts and all' style. 
Portrait bust developed - prior to this either full length or just the head.  Busts of emperors used like religious icons - made and put in public places around empire, citizens had to burn insence and praise them or get perscuted!

Visual Propaganda
Busts/images of rulers using realistic heads but idealised bodies.  Used imagery and scale to show importance of the leaders.
Triumphial Arches - 1/2 sculpture 1/2 architecture.  Free standing and purley ornamental.  Carvings were to display visual propaganda about how great they were.

Lettering
Clear and simple lettering used (and the spaces) conforming to laws of architectural structure.  'most influential and lasting contribution to the arts' never been excelled and remains basis of our lettering today P205

Debates on Visual Arts
Plato - works of art should conform to a standard - no innovations (like Egyptian art).  "All imitations are false and morally harmfull" P171
Socrates - Artists should concentrate on the good and the beautiful
Aristotle - objects should be different dependant on what they are made of, who makes them and why they are made. "Imitation is in itself pleasurable to look at.  Things that repel may please when represented in art" P171
  • Opens way for expressiveness and individuality
  • leads to statues, paintings, temples being seen as 'works of art'
  • leads to art-collecting, promotion of artists and first art histories
Status of Art/Artists
1st C BC private collectors start to pay a lot for Classical and Hellenistic originals.  Someone paid 36,000 Denarii for a piece (a slave cost 500 and average labourer salary of 250 a year!!!)
Demand for copies rose and distinction between original and copy made for first time.

BUT painters, sculpters etc regarded as lowly artisians.  BUT architects held in higher esteem

Sunday, 28 March 2010

TO DO LIST - by April 3rd

Last To Do list helped keep me on track - I do love a listy!  Next one needs to be complete by 3rd April but will hopefully get some more stuff done too...

  • Paint pieces of wood for relief (Art and Design)
  • Glue pieces of wood for relief (Art and Design)
  • Read up on next piece of sculpture (3D) and buy materials (Art and Design)
  • Visit Surrey House taking photos, sketches and notes
  • Write report on Surrey House
  • Watch Romans DVD
  • Read Romans chapter in text book (prob about 7000 pages!)
  • Find and annotate Roman portrait
  • Collect Roman images
  • Install new printer for printing stuff
  • Update blog with notes on Roman DVD and reading
  • Find out what to do for drawing of classical figure sculpture and plan where and how
  • Keep blog up to date....
Hooray - it is the 3rd April and I have just updated blog with the notes on my sketches of figure sculptures - this to do list is done on time.....now to write the next one!